| Peer-Reviewed

Determination of the Risks of Post-Transfusion Allo-Immunization in the Rhesus and Kell Systems: Case of Recipients of the Regional Hospital of Bafoussam

Received: 25 January 2023     Accepted: 9 March 2023     Published: 31 March 2023
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Background: Blood transfusion according to the World Health Organization is the transfer of blood or blood constitute from an individual donor to another transfused. Despite the efforts made in the field of immuno-haematology, the transfusion of packed red blood cells or whole blood brings foreign antigens to the recipients. The risk of occurrence of anti-erythrocyte allo-immunization is therefore greater in polytransfused subjects and increases with the number of bags of packed red blood cells transfused. The main objective was to determine the risks of posttransfusion allo-immunization of the Rhesus and Kell systems in recipients of the HRB blood bank. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive and cross-sectional study by successive recruitment over a period of 10 months including a one-month data collection period during which 145 participants (81 donors and 64 blood recipients) were recruited. A venous blood sample was taken on an EDTA tube and dry. ABO blood groups followed by Rhesus and Kell phenotypes were determined in the tube. Results: Out of the 81 donors, 82.70% (67) were men, the age group [20-30] years was more represented 56.80% (46); the familiar donor status was the most representative at 48.10% (39). Of the 64 recipients, the male sex was the most representative 53.13% (34); the age group [00-10] years was more represented, i.e. 23% (15). Blood group O was more representatives, ie 51.90% (42) /40.60% (26). In the Rhesus system, the Dce (Dccee) phenotype was the most represented, 58.0% (47) in donors and 59.4% (38) in recipients. The K1 antigen was present in 24.7% (20) of donors and 18.8% (12) of recipients. We obtained a risk of allo-immunization of 40.61% in the Rhesus system and 15.62% in the Kell system. Thus the risks of alloimmunization were more represented by the incompatibilities with the antigen E (21.87%), K (15.62%) and C (15.62%). The Chi-square test of independence and linear regression showed that the risk of alloimmunization increases with the number of non-compatible blood bags received with an OR: 0.98, ICOR [3.05-9.26]. Conclusion: In view of the various incompatibilities and high risk of occurrence of alloimmunization, Rhesus/Kell phenotyping is an effective means of preventing post-transfusion alloimmunization and improving transfusion safety and even the transfusion outcome of recipients.

Published in European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.12
Page(s) 5-12
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Risks, Post-Transfusion Allo-Immunization, Rhesus and Kell Phenotype

References
[1] Lefrere JJ, Rouger P. New practice of blood transfusion. 2nd ed. Paris: Mason; 2015. 158p.
[2] Rouger P, Le Pennec PY, Noizat-Pirenne F. The immunological risk in transfusionand its prevention. In: Lefrere JJ, Rouger P. Blood transfusion: an approach safe. Montrouge: John Libbey Eurotext 2016; 244-261.
[3] Alix, F. Journal of Cameroon. https://www.journalducameroun.com. Consult the 17 April 2020.
[4] Rahma Elayeb. Study of the mechanisms of post-transfusion allo-immunization. Doctoral thesis in cellular and molecular biology. East Paris 2016.
[5] Poole J, Daniels G. Blood group antibodies and their significance in transfusion medicine. Transfus Med Rev. 2017 Jan; 21 (1): 58-71.
[6] Edima A. Study of 26 cases of allo-immunizations and post-transfusion haemolysisthat have occurred in children with sickle cell disease followed up at the Transversal Unit of the Sickle cell disease. Human medicine and pathology thesis. Dumas; 2017.
[7] Sekongo YM, Kouacou AP, Kouamenan S, Kassogue K. Alloimmunization antierythrocyte in sickle cell patients followed in the therapy unit transfusion service at the National Blood Transfusion Center of Côte d'Ivoire. Clinical and biological transfusion. 2015; 22 (4): 244-245.
[8] Baby M, Fongoro S, Cisse M, Gakou Y. Frequency of allo immunizationred blood cells in polytransfused patients at the university hospital center of point G, Bamako, Mali. Clinical and biological transfusion. 2010; 17 (4): 218-222.
[9] Amor IB, Louati N, Khemekhem H, Dhieb A. Anti-erythrocyte immunization inhaemoglobinopathies: about 84 cases. Clinical and Biological Transfusion. 2012; 19: 345-352.
[10] Celianthe Guegang Guegang, Romaric De Manfouo Tuono, Simon NgamliFewou, Lazare Kaptue. Frequency of Allo-Immunization in Sickle Cell Disease: Case of the Patients at the Laquintinie Hospital in Douala-Cameroon. european Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences. Flight. 8, No. 3, 2022, p. 38-43. must: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20220803.12.
[11] Ngo Sack Françoise, Tchongouang David, Chetcha C. Bernard, Essomba René. Erythrocyte allo immunization, rhesus and kell phenotypes for women of childbearing age in Yaounde. The Journal of Medical Research 2018; 4 (1): 20-23.
[12] Ralaiaritiana G. Epidemiological demographic characteristics of donorsof blood seen at the CHU Mahajanga 2007-2009 [Thesis]. Human Medicine: Mahajanga; 2011. 61p.
[13] TraoréN. Study of blood transfusion in the infectious disease department of the CHUdu Point-G [Thesis]. Medicine: Bamako, 2015. 118p.
[14] D.-E. BROCHE, C. GAY, S. ARMAND-BRANGER, et al. Gynecology department – obstetrics, Belfort hospital center. Gynecology Obstetrics & Fertility, Number: 32, P613-619 (2004).
[15] EDDAKH CHEHICHAM. Blood transfusion in a gynecological settingobstetrics in the region of Agadir. 2019. Page 29.
[16] Sanogo K. Contribution to the improvement of the transfusion management ofsickle cell disease in Mali. Pharmacy thesis: Bamako 1998; No. 31.
[17] Randriamanantany ZA, Rajaonatahina DH, Razafimanantsoa FE, Rasamindrakotroka MT, Andriamahenina R, Rasoarilalamanarivo FB et al. Phenotypic and allelic profile of ABO and Rhesus D blood group system among blood donor in Antananarivo. Intern J Immunogenet. 2012; 00: 1 – 3.
[18] Razafimanantsoa NI. Blood donors at CENHOSOA and malaria [Thesis]. Human Medicine: Antananarivo; 2012. 51p.
[19] Agbovi KK, Kolou M, Fétéké L, Handrechy D, North ML, Segbéna AY. Knowledge, attitudes and practices about blood donation. A sociological study among the population of Lomé in Togo. Transfus Clin Biol. 2006; 13, 260-5.
[20] CHEMAL AKatia, DJEMAI Kenza. “Anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization in polytransfused patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia at the two University Hospitals of Tizi-Ouzou and Bejaia”. 2017. Page 56.
[21] Diop M, Ndiaye M, Seck B. Chevalier. Prevention of post-transfusion malaria in endemic areas. Transfer Clin Biol. 2009; 16: 454-9.
[22] Enosolease ME, Bazuaye GN. Distribution of ABO and Rh-D blood groups in the Benin area of Niger-Delta: Implication for regional blood transfusion. Asian J Transfus Science. 2008 January; 2.1: 3 – 5.
[23] Cotonou. These Medicine NO09M34 from the University of Bamako (Mali). 2008. page 30.
[24] Ouadghiri S, Brick C, Benseffaj N, Atouf O, Essakalli M. Adverse effectsrecipients at the al Ibn Sina hospital in Rabat: results 1999-2013. Transfus Clin Biol. 2017; 24: 23-27p.
[25] Coulibaly M. Frequency of ABO erythrocyte blood groups in childrenwith cancer in the pediatric oncology unit of the Gabriel Touré teaching hospital in Bamako. Medicine Theses No Bamako, USTTB, 2018.
[26] Traoré O: Erythrocyte phenotype in blood group systemsimmunogenes in blood donors in Bamako. Thesis of Pharmacy ie No: Bamako USTTB 2002, 82p.
[27] Tapko JB and Mbanya DS Guide to blood transfusion in Cameroon. 1996.
[28] MORNANDJI PC. Results of erythrocyte phenotyping in insufficient patients kidneys from a nephrology department in Bamako Mali. Thesis: Pharmacy: Bamako. 2001, No. 31.
[29] Laura Dean. Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens, Bethesda (MD 20892-6510).
[30] National Center for Biotechnology Information (US) 2005.
[31] WAGNER FF, KASULKED, KEROWGANM, FLEGELWA. Frequencies of the blood groups ABO, RH D; category VI; Kell and of clinically relevant high frequency antigen sin south western Germany. Infusion therapy and transfusions medezin. 1995; 22 (5): 285-90.
[32] Tolo M. Erythrocyte phenotyping in rhesus systems in donorsblood volunteers at the CNTS in Bamako. Thesis, Pharm Bamako 2006: no 81. 32- Jean PL. Abstract of Immunology. Paris: Masson; 1972, p. 141.
[33] M. Baby, S. FONGORO, M. CISSE. Frequency of erythrocyte alloimmunization in polytransfused patients at the Point G hospital-university center, Bamako, mali. Clinical and Biological Transfusion17 (2010) 218 – 222.
[34] Guindo S. Erythrocyte phenotype in blood group systemsimmunogens in blood donors in Bamako. Thesis, Pharm. UNIVERSITY OF BAMAKO. 2005: no.
[35] Pham BN. Anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization. Transfus Clin Biol. 2012; 19 (6): 321-32.
[36] MOEGR, Z., Prevalence and specificity of RBC alloantibodies in the general hospitalized population in Guangxi. Transfus Med, 2015. 25 (5): p. 313-9.
[37] BEN AMOR I, LOUATI N, KHEMEKHEMH. Immunization against erythrocyte in haemoglobinopathies: about 84 cases. Transfusion Clinical and Biological. 2012 Dec; 19 (6): 345-52.
[38] ZIDOUH A, ACHARGUI S, HAJOUT K, Frequency of a lloimmunization inthalassemia patients at the regional blood transfusion center in Rabat. Transfusion Clinical and Biological. 2014 Nov; 21 (4-5): 264.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Nchufor Lui-Karlos, Celianthe Guegang Guegang, Kouokam Chetcheng Nadine Patricia, Nsonso Mfuka Didier, Ingrid Cecile Djuikoue. (2023). Determination of the Risks of Post-Transfusion Allo-Immunization in the Rhesus and Kell Systems: Case of Recipients of the Regional Hospital of Bafoussam. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 9(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Nchufor Lui-Karlos; Celianthe Guegang Guegang; Kouokam Chetcheng Nadine Patricia; Nsonso Mfuka Didier; Ingrid Cecile Djuikoue. Determination of the Risks of Post-Transfusion Allo-Immunization in the Rhesus and Kell Systems: Case of Recipients of the Regional Hospital of Bafoussam. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2023, 9(1), 5-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Nchufor Lui-Karlos, Celianthe Guegang Guegang, Kouokam Chetcheng Nadine Patricia, Nsonso Mfuka Didier, Ingrid Cecile Djuikoue. Determination of the Risks of Post-Transfusion Allo-Immunization in the Rhesus and Kell Systems: Case of Recipients of the Regional Hospital of Bafoussam. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2023;9(1):5-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.12,
      author = {Nchufor Lui-Karlos and Celianthe Guegang Guegang and Kouokam Chetcheng Nadine Patricia and Nsonso Mfuka Didier and Ingrid Cecile Djuikoue},
      title = {Determination of the Risks of Post-Transfusion Allo-Immunization in the Rhesus and Kell Systems: Case of Recipients of the Regional Hospital of Bafoussam},
      journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
      volume = {9},
      number = {1},
      pages = {5-12},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20230901.12},
      abstract = {Background: Blood transfusion according to the World Health Organization is the transfer of blood or blood constitute from an individual donor to another transfused. Despite the efforts made in the field of immuno-haematology, the transfusion of packed red blood cells or whole blood brings foreign antigens to the recipients. The risk of occurrence of anti-erythrocyte allo-immunization is therefore greater in polytransfused subjects and increases with the number of bags of packed red blood cells transfused. The main objective was to determine the risks of posttransfusion allo-immunization of the Rhesus and Kell systems in recipients of the HRB blood bank. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive and cross-sectional study by successive recruitment over a period of 10 months including a one-month data collection period during which 145 participants (81 donors and 64 blood recipients) were recruited. A venous blood sample was taken on an EDTA tube and dry. ABO blood groups followed by Rhesus and Kell phenotypes were determined in the tube. Results: Out of the 81 donors, 82.70% (67) were men, the age group [20-30] years was more represented 56.80% (46); the familiar donor status was the most representative at 48.10% (39). Of the 64 recipients, the male sex was the most representative 53.13% (34); the age group [00-10] years was more represented, i.e. 23% (15). Blood group O was more representatives, ie 51.90% (42) /40.60% (26). In the Rhesus system, the Dce (Dccee) phenotype was the most represented, 58.0% (47) in donors and 59.4% (38) in recipients. The K1 antigen was present in 24.7% (20) of donors and 18.8% (12) of recipients. We obtained a risk of allo-immunization of 40.61% in the Rhesus system and 15.62% in the Kell system. Thus the risks of alloimmunization were more represented by the incompatibilities with the antigen E (21.87%), K (15.62%) and C (15.62%). The Chi-square test of independence and linear regression showed that the risk of alloimmunization increases with the number of non-compatible blood bags received with an OR: 0.98, ICOR [3.05-9.26]. Conclusion: In view of the various incompatibilities and high risk of occurrence of alloimmunization, Rhesus/Kell phenotyping is an effective means of preventing post-transfusion alloimmunization and improving transfusion safety and even the transfusion outcome of recipients.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Determination of the Risks of Post-Transfusion Allo-Immunization in the Rhesus and Kell Systems: Case of Recipients of the Regional Hospital of Bafoussam
    AU  - Nchufor Lui-Karlos
    AU  - Celianthe Guegang Guegang
    AU  - Kouokam Chetcheng Nadine Patricia
    AU  - Nsonso Mfuka Didier
    AU  - Ingrid Cecile Djuikoue
    Y1  - 2023/03/31
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.12
    T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
    JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
    JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
    SP  - 5
    EP  - 12
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5005
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230901.12
    AB  - Background: Blood transfusion according to the World Health Organization is the transfer of blood or blood constitute from an individual donor to another transfused. Despite the efforts made in the field of immuno-haematology, the transfusion of packed red blood cells or whole blood brings foreign antigens to the recipients. The risk of occurrence of anti-erythrocyte allo-immunization is therefore greater in polytransfused subjects and increases with the number of bags of packed red blood cells transfused. The main objective was to determine the risks of posttransfusion allo-immunization of the Rhesus and Kell systems in recipients of the HRB blood bank. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive and cross-sectional study by successive recruitment over a period of 10 months including a one-month data collection period during which 145 participants (81 donors and 64 blood recipients) were recruited. A venous blood sample was taken on an EDTA tube and dry. ABO blood groups followed by Rhesus and Kell phenotypes were determined in the tube. Results: Out of the 81 donors, 82.70% (67) were men, the age group [20-30] years was more represented 56.80% (46); the familiar donor status was the most representative at 48.10% (39). Of the 64 recipients, the male sex was the most representative 53.13% (34); the age group [00-10] years was more represented, i.e. 23% (15). Blood group O was more representatives, ie 51.90% (42) /40.60% (26). In the Rhesus system, the Dce (Dccee) phenotype was the most represented, 58.0% (47) in donors and 59.4% (38) in recipients. The K1 antigen was present in 24.7% (20) of donors and 18.8% (12) of recipients. We obtained a risk of allo-immunization of 40.61% in the Rhesus system and 15.62% in the Kell system. Thus the risks of alloimmunization were more represented by the incompatibilities with the antigen E (21.87%), K (15.62%) and C (15.62%). The Chi-square test of independence and linear regression showed that the risk of alloimmunization increases with the number of non-compatible blood bags received with an OR: 0.98, ICOR [3.05-9.26]. Conclusion: In view of the various incompatibilities and high risk of occurrence of alloimmunization, Rhesus/Kell phenotyping is an effective means of preventing post-transfusion alloimmunization and improving transfusion safety and even the transfusion outcome of recipients.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Higher Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Douala, Cameroon

  • Higher Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Douala, Cameroon

  • Higher Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Douala, Cameroon

  • Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshas, Kinshasa, RD Congo

  • Institute of Sciences and Health, Montain University, Bangangté, Cameroon

  • Sections