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Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Associated Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Adults in Gastric Cancer Risk Region of North Central, Nigeria

Received: 15 October 2021     Accepted: 3 November 2021     Published: 24 November 2021
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Abstract

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the causative agent of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases with associated risk factor of developing gastric cancer and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma if left untreated. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of virulence genes and associated risk factors of H. pylori among adults in a gastric cancer risk region of Nasarawa State, North central Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study to determine H. Pylori status of 434 adults in gastric cancer high risk region of Nasarawa State from January to August, 2021. Associated risk factors and virulence genes (positive/β-(1, 3) galT of jhp0562, cagA, vacA, and hrgA) was evaluated from gastric biopsy specimens of dyspepsia patients. Results: The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 45.6% (198/434). The rate of infection was higher in male subjects (40.6%) than in female (23.8%); P<0.001) and higher significantly among adults with the following associated risk factors: unboil water, consumption of alcohol, low income, and Urban residency. Un-boiled water consumption and alcohol consumption were independent risk factors for H. pylori infection (odds ratio=7.48 vs OR=9.78 respectively). Of the 198 strains cultured, 76.9% carried Western-type cagA, with a higher proportion in Male (86.4%) than in Female (50.0%), P=0.05). Patients infected with East Asian-type cagA strains (P=0.027) have lesser inflammation scores in the antrum than those infected with the Western-type cagA strains. Conclusion: Our study revealed a high prevalence of H. pylori infection in Nasarawa State, with unclean water source, and alcohol consumption as significant risk factors for H. pylori infection. The incidence of gastric cancer in Nasarawa State is associated with circulating virulence genes of cagA, vacA, hrgA and jhp0562-positive/β-(1, 3) galT.

Published in European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210706.15
Page(s) 118-125
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Virulence Genes, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Helicobacter pylori, Infection, Gastric Cancer, North Central, Nigeria

References
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    Azebi Ayibatari, Raphael Peter Galleh, Anowai Clementina Ogo, Abbas Abel Anzaku, Adamu Ishaku Akyala. (2021). Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Associated Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Adults in Gastric Cancer Risk Region of North Central, Nigeria. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 7(6), 118-125. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210706.15

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    ACS Style

    Azebi Ayibatari; Raphael Peter Galleh; Anowai Clementina Ogo; Abbas Abel Anzaku; Adamu Ishaku Akyala. Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Associated Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Adults in Gastric Cancer Risk Region of North Central, Nigeria. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2021, 7(6), 118-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210706.15

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    AMA Style

    Azebi Ayibatari, Raphael Peter Galleh, Anowai Clementina Ogo, Abbas Abel Anzaku, Adamu Ishaku Akyala. Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Associated Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Adults in Gastric Cancer Risk Region of North Central, Nigeria. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2021;7(6):118-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210706.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210706.15,
      author = {Azebi Ayibatari and Raphael Peter Galleh and Anowai Clementina Ogo and Abbas Abel Anzaku and Adamu Ishaku Akyala},
      title = {Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Associated Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Adults in Gastric Cancer Risk Region of North Central, Nigeria},
      journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
      volume = {7},
      number = {6},
      pages = {118-125},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210706.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210706.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20210706.15},
      abstract = {Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the causative agent of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases with associated risk factor of developing gastric cancer and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma if left untreated. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of virulence genes and associated risk factors of H. pylori among adults in a gastric cancer risk region of Nasarawa State, North central Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study to determine H. Pylori status of 434 adults in gastric cancer high risk region of Nasarawa State from January to August, 2021. Associated risk factors and virulence genes (positive/β-(1, 3) galT of jhp0562, cagA, vacA, and hrgA) was evaluated from gastric biopsy specimens of dyspepsia patients. Results: The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 45.6% (198/434). The rate of infection was higher in male subjects (40.6%) than in female (23.8%); PH. pylori infection (odds ratio=7.48 vs OR=9.78 respectively). Of the 198 strains cultured, 76.9% carried Western-type cagA, with a higher proportion in Male (86.4%) than in Female (50.0%), P=0.05). Patients infected with East Asian-type cagA strains (P=0.027) have lesser inflammation scores in the antrum than those infected with the Western-type cagA strains. Conclusion: Our study revealed a high prevalence of H. pylori infection in Nasarawa State, with unclean water source, and alcohol consumption as significant risk factors for H. pylori infection. The incidence of gastric cancer in Nasarawa State is associated with circulating virulence genes of cagA, vacA, hrgA and jhp0562-positive/β-(1, 3) galT.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Associated Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Adults in Gastric Cancer Risk Region of North Central, Nigeria
    AU  - Azebi Ayibatari
    AU  - Raphael Peter Galleh
    AU  - Anowai Clementina Ogo
    AU  - Abbas Abel Anzaku
    AU  - Adamu Ishaku Akyala
    Y1  - 2021/11/24
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210706.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210706.15
    T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
    JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
    JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
    SP  - 118
    EP  - 125
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5005
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210706.15
    AB  - Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the causative agent of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases with associated risk factor of developing gastric cancer and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma if left untreated. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of virulence genes and associated risk factors of H. pylori among adults in a gastric cancer risk region of Nasarawa State, North central Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study to determine H. Pylori status of 434 adults in gastric cancer high risk region of Nasarawa State from January to August, 2021. Associated risk factors and virulence genes (positive/β-(1, 3) galT of jhp0562, cagA, vacA, and hrgA) was evaluated from gastric biopsy specimens of dyspepsia patients. Results: The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 45.6% (198/434). The rate of infection was higher in male subjects (40.6%) than in female (23.8%); PH. pylori infection (odds ratio=7.48 vs OR=9.78 respectively). Of the 198 strains cultured, 76.9% carried Western-type cagA, with a higher proportion in Male (86.4%) than in Female (50.0%), P=0.05). Patients infected with East Asian-type cagA strains (P=0.027) have lesser inflammation scores in the antrum than those infected with the Western-type cagA strains. Conclusion: Our study revealed a high prevalence of H. pylori infection in Nasarawa State, with unclean water source, and alcohol consumption as significant risk factors for H. pylori infection. The incidence of gastric cancer in Nasarawa State is associated with circulating virulence genes of cagA, vacA, hrgA and jhp0562-positive/β-(1, 3) galT.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria

  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria

  • Primary Health Care Board, Federal Capital Territory Administration, Abuja, Nigeria

  • Department of Clinical Laboratory Services, Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria

  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria

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